A Controversial War Gets a Controversial Memorial

Impact Of Economic Liberalisation On Livelihoods - 1597 Words

The Impact Of Economic Liberalisation On Livelihoods In Nigeria Economic liberalization on livelihoods in Nigeria refers to how the decrease in government control, through deregulation and lesser restrictions in the economy to promote greater participation of private entities, serves as a means of securing the basic necessities of life i.e. food, water, shelter and clothing. This is done in an effort to encourage economic development through the doctrine is associated with classical liberalism. Following in the pattern of major economic reforms of emerging markets such as Brazil, China and India, Nigeria has followed the same path of economic liberalisation to ameliorate itself in the global competition, in order to achieve a higher standard of living. In Nigeria, economic liberalization through deregulation and privatization, has been implemented for various reasons, such as the demand for efficient and effective Public Enterprises, reduction in external borrowing, stronger capital markets, and improve accountability, but most important of all, for generation of employment and sustainable livelihoods for the betterment of Nigerian welfare (World Bank, 2013). SAP and NEEDS. Economic reform through liberalization was first introduced in Nigeria in 1986 through the IMF’s Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP), which was introduced to many sub Saharan African countries as a result of the economic downturn of the 1980s. This liberalization programme resulted in many governmentShow MoreRelatedEssay Global Integration1203 Words   |  5 Pagesthe drivers of globalisation. Embracing globalisation is encouraged due to its explicit benefits including reducing poverty, increasing living standards and increasing world trade. 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Grammar Practice Test Free Essays

| | | I. Identify the clause elements in the following sentences (20 points, 2 point for each blank). 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Grammar Practice Test or any similar topic only for you Order Now Saturn is one of the most beautiful planets to look at through a telescope because of the many rings that surround it. A. Complement:_______________________________________________________ B. Adverbial:________________________________________________________ 2. The boy scouts teach their members an â€Å"Outdoor Code† before they camp. A. Direct Object:_______________________________________________________ B. Indirect Object:______________________________________________________ 3. The direction a hurricane’s spiral moves is counterclockwise. A. Subject:____________________________________________________________ B. Complement :_______________________________________________________ 4. These criminals might have been guilty of murder. A. Predicate Verb: _____________________________________________________ B. Complement: ______________________________________________________ 5. Hurricane winds can blow as fast as 180 miles (290 kilometers) an hour. A. Predicate Verb: ____________________________________________________ B. Adverbial:_______________________________________________________ | | | II. Choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D (80 points, 2 point for each multiple-choice question). 1. Recently, he has lost all his _____ at cards. A. wages and saving B. wages and saving C. wage and savings D. wages and savings. 2. That magnificent _____ temple was constructed by the Chinese. A. eight-centuries-old B. old-eight-centuries C. eight-century’s-old D. eight-century-old 3. Why is there _______ traffic on the streets in February than in May? A. fewer B. less C. little D. fewer 4. The students spent ________ their time working in the field. A. both B. most C. more D. half 5. There is a truck ____ the classroom. A. in the front of B. in front of C. in front D. at the front of 6. â€Å"What is he? † â€Å"He is _____. † A. a poet and novelist B. a poet and a novelist C. poet and novelist D. the poet and novelist 7. I am determined to go there ____ instead of taking a bus. A. on the foot B. on foot C. by foot D. on two feet 8. ___ Air and Space Museum has the highest attendance record of all the museums. A. A B. An C. The D. / 9. I don’t take John’s pen because I don’t like ____. A. that pen of his B. that his pen C. his that pen D. that pen of him 10. Our home is finer than ____. A. yours and him B. your’s or his C. you and he D. yours and his 11. We consider ____ logical that not all plants can be put into practice. A. it B. that C. what D. which 12. It is a pity that ____ of her t wo husband has been capable of understanding her. A. either B. neither C. both D. each 13. It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is quite ____ to perform skillfully yourself. A. any other B. another C. other thing D. some other. 14. At least he was there in time to tell his adventures to Jim while Jim did ____ of the work. A. three-fourths B. three-fourth C. threes-fourths D. threes-fourth 15. The wheels of the old wagon are nearly ____ those of a modern car. A. three times the size of B. three times size of C. three times D. threes times the sizes of 16. He ____ on me his own ideas about the novel. A. composed B. proposed C. imposed D. pposed 17. At the present system, state enterprises ____ all profits to the government. A. turn down B. turn up C. turn out D. turn in 18. Very few scientists ____ completely new answers to the world’s problem. A. come up with B. come round C. come out D. come up to 19. Important people don’t often have much free time as their work ____ all their time. A. takes away B. takes over C. takes up D. takes in 20. This article ____ more attention to the problem of cultural interference in foreign language teaching and leaning. A. cares for B. allows for C. applies for D. alls for 21. When a fire ____ at the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings were completely destroyed. A. broke off B. broke down C. broke out D. broke up 22. He got word that a delegation____. A. soon has arrived B. soon arrived C. is soon going to arrive D. would soon arrive 23. It has been about 7 years since they _____. A. got married B. got marry C. get married D. have married 24. He left home in the 1970s and ____ heard of since. A. hadn’t been B. wasn’t C. not has been D. has not been 25. He ____ TV when I dropped in last night. A. as watching B. had watch C. watched D. have been watching 26. If one ____ by vanity, he will be very particular about other’s clothing and appearance. A. overcomes B. will be overcome C. is overcome D. has been overcome 27. By promoting more even income distribution in a developing country, a lower birth rate would ____. A. be achieved B. achieved C achieve D. be achieving 28. It is important that the hotel receptionist ____ that guests are registered correctly. A. has made sure B. must make sure C. made sure D. make sure 29. Had he worked harder, he ____ the exams. A. must have got through B. would get through C. would have got through D. could get through. 30. I don’t mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late. A. you to delay B. your delaying making C. your delaying to make D. you delay to make. 31. The Dream of the Red Chamber is said ____ into dozens of languages in the last decade. A. to have been translated B. to translate C. to be translated D. to have translated 32. Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper ____ it closely. A. followed B. to following C. following D. eing followed 33. All things ____, the planned trip will have to be called off. A. considered B. be considered C. considering D. having considered 34. It was essential that the application forms ____ back before the deadline. A. must be sent B. be sent C. would be sent D. were sent 35. ____ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now. A. Had it not been B. Weren’t it C. It were not D. Had it been not 36. The suggestion that the mayor ____ the prizes was accepted by everyone. A. would present B. present C. ought to present D. presents 37. I don’t think it advisable that Tome ____ to the job since he has no experience. A. is assigned B. be assigned C. will be assigned D. has been assigned 38. ____ such a good chance, he planned to learn more. A. To be given B. Having been given C. Having given D. Giving 39. I wish I ____ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. should have slept C. slept D. have slept 40. It’s already 5 o’clock now. Don’t you think it’s time ____? A. we are going home B. we went home C. we go home D. we can go home. ———————– How to cite Grammar Practice Test, Essay examples

Thesis- Vocabulary free essay sample

Introduction The limits of my language are the limits of my mind. All I know is what I have words for. Ludwig Wittgenstein Active communication in English is what counts in todays globalizes world. It is very Important to have large deposit of words. OConnor explained why large vocabularies characterize executives and possibly outstanding men and women in other fields. The final answer seems to be that words are the instruments by means of which men and women grasp the thoughts of others and with which they do much of their own thinking.They are the tools of thought. The benefits of effective communication are many and obvious in many aspects of life. Vocabulary is the total number of words in a language. It is also the collection of words a person knows and uses in speaking and writing. So, it is a natural desire to expand ones vocabulary as bigger supply of words increases the chances of succeeding In studies, career and even personal relationships. It Is Important to develop the skills of using the right words under different circumstances. And as for SSL students, having a store of vocabulary in mind is already an advantage. In writing r speaking, control over words Is often the same as control over Ideas the words represent. Enriching ones vocabulary leads to understanding a lot of things and improves ones language skills. Working in this direction, will be able to improve not only our vocabulary but the quality of life as well. The range of our vocabulary is a clue to our education and our Impression of our abilities. Background of the Study The vocabulary of a language is always changing and growing.As life becomes more complex, people devise or borrow new words to describe human activity, and they change the meanings of existing words to fit new circumstances. No one knows the exact number of English words today, but probably there are a lot to learn for. For Americans, the average use of vocabulary is 10,000 words, but the average recognition vocabulary is 30,000 to 40,000 words. A person continually builds a vocabulary. Studies have shown that a child entering school may know only from 3,000 to 4,000 words.But by the completion of college, he or she may have a wider range of vocabulary. The importance of vocabulary in achieving success in life has been proven over and over. In the sasss, Johnson OConnor found that successful people in all walks of fife have powerful vocabularies. He also discovered that vocabulary growth is not tied to any special trait, and anyone, regardless of their present vocabulary, can enrich It. Vocabulary growth cannot be a product of Just an incidental learning.As we think with words, so the limits of our learning are related to the limits of our OFF strategies of the English majors in our college last semester in our Applied Linguistics class where we discussed the vocabulary topic. As one of the future professionals, as our professors always says, especially in the language or teaching field, it is very important to have enough vocabulary living in you. The researchers decided to pursue this study because we are continually reminded of how it would be helpful in our course and in our future careers.In this research, we would be able to discover the vocabulary range, difficulties most effective ways of vocabulary enrichment of the ABE sophomore students. The challenge is to find a method of teaching or strategy of learning vocabul ary that is effective and efficient. Theoretical framework Dual-coding theory is a theory of cognition, it uses the idea that the formation of mental images aids in learning when developing this theory. Dual-coding theory postulates that both visual and verbal information is used to represent information. (Stromberg, 2003) visual and verbal information processed in each channel.The mental codes corresponding these representation are used to organize incoming information that can be acted upon, stored, and retrieved for subsequent use. This theory states that Human cognition is unique in that it has become specialized for dealing simultaneously with language and with non-verbal objects and events. Moreover, the language system is peculiar in that deals directly tit linguistic input and output (in the form of speech or writing) while at the same time serving a symbolic function with respect to non-verbal objects, events, and behaviors.Any representational theory must accommodate this dual functionality. Dual-coding theory complements a dual-route theory of reading. When people read written information, dual-route theory contends that the readers access orthographic and phonological information to recognize words in the writing. The theory assumes that there are two cognitive subsystems, one specialized for the representation and processing of non-verbal objects/events (I. . Imagery), and the other specialized for dealing with language.Dual-coding theory identified three types of processing: (1) representational, the direct activation of verbal or non-verbal representations. (2) referential, the activation of the verbal system by the non-verbal system or vice versa and (3) associative processing, the activation of representations within the same verbal or non-verbal system. A given task may require any or all of the three kinds of processing. Formalization of the theory of dual-coding is generally attributed to Allan Vivo of the University of Western Ontario.Vivo found that participants when shown a rapid sequence of pictures as well as a rapid sequence of words and later asked recall the words and pictures, in any order, were better at recalling images. Participants, however, more readily recalled the sequential order of the words, rather than the sequence of pictures. These results supported Patios hypothesis that verbal information is processed differently than visual information and that verbal information was superior to visual information when sequential order was also required for the memory task. Vivo, 1969) We know that this theory called as dual-coding is somehow true. It is important because it tells and elaborate to us the way how people could effectively learned theory accounts the significance of abilities in theories of intelligence. By means of this theory relating to the study, people may know the two different ways to acquire knowledge. The main connection of this theory to the research is that vocabulary is knowledge and the theory is all about acquiring knowledge. In order to have such vocabulary fluency, people must find out the best strategies for them.Studies might determine the most relevant way on expanding vocabulary, whichever of the two ways that the theory says. Although goals, objectives and assessments are crucial components, in this paper we will focus on explicit learning strategies as a means for achieving our goals of expanding their vocabulary knowledge, consolidating and elaborating vocabulary knowledge and building fluency with known vocabulary. The aforementioned theory has supported our study for better understanding on the different methods or strategies of the ABA English students in expanding their vocabulary knowledge.Conceptual Framework Process The input contains the most significa nt variable regarding ABA English students vocabulary knowledge. It includes the effective strategies of the respondents on how they develop and expand their vocabulary. The second circle comprises the procedures that the researcher used to analyze the variables is by creating a survey, observation and analysis of the results. Lastly is the output, it includes all the recommendation that the researchers The arrow in the system signifies the flow of the study.It associates the process to the output as well as the input to make it as a never stopping cycle of information. Statement of the Problem The main objective of this research is to find out the most effective vocabulary expansion strategy of the ABA English sophomore students in PUP. Specifically, this study aimed to answer the following: 1 . How do the respondents evaluate their vocabulary fluency based on their own knowledge? 2. What are the common strategies that the ABA English students used to expand their vocabulary knowledge? 3.Do strategies on how to expand vocabulary and having such vocabulary knowledge have significant connection with each other? Scope and Limitations The respondents of the study are composed of ABA English sophomore students. The questionnaires will be administered on February, 2013 and retrieved on the day f the survey while the others on the following days. This will be done to have a better understanding as to the level of knowledge, skills, values, ethics, and attitudes they have acquired and the need to qualify as competent linguists.Significance of the Study College/ Department of Arts and Letters. This study will be beneficial as it holds whats the most effective strategy of the ABA English students in terms of expanding their vocabulary. Thus, this will make a lifelong notion that they can use in the near future. Teachers/Professors. This study will serve as a means for the vocabulary caching methods that they use and implement. This will enable them to weigh out if the said methods were effective.The findings will make them aware of whatever problems, possible solutions, and suggestions to further enhance the factors that contribute to achieving strategies for vocabulary expansion. Other Researchers. Requirement. This has given them a lot of challenge in meeting new faces and acquaintances and being aware of whats happening in the environment regarding their study. This developed their vocabulary and can help them to improve their communication skills. Definition of Terms For better understanding and interpretation of this study, the following terms are operationally defined.Vocabulary It is the set of words within a language that are familiar to that person. A vocabulary usually develops with age, and serves as a useful and fundamental tool for communication and acquiring knowledge. Words A meaningful speech sound or succession of speech sounds that can be represented by graphic symbols. A written or printed representation of a word. Expansion The act of expanding or spreading out; the condition of being expanded; dilation; enlargement. Vocabulary Expansion Vocabulary Expansion is useful to improve communication skills and help develop reading and writing ability.It does not matter at what stage of education, or personal growth you are, vocabulary development can benefit everyone. Vocabulary expansion is often pursued for a variety of reasons. Individuals may seek to communicate more effectively at work, or college students may be searching for a richer originates from a non-English speaking background and wishes to learn English for work or study purposes. Vocabulary Skills These refer to skills of students in vocabulary expansion, especially to the dents of College of Arts and Letters (CAL).These are useful to enhance ones skills in word guessing and getting the correct definition of words afterwards. Dictionary A reference source in print or electronic form containing words usually alphabetically arranged along with information about their forms, pronunciations, functions, etymologies, meanings, and syntactical and idiomatic uses. College of Arts and Letters (CAL) Program It is one of the colleges of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines. It is the result of the merging of the College of Arts and the College of Languages and Linguistics that was enacted in 2012.

Pearl as an Allegorical Character free essay sample

Additionally, Pearl has a very high intelligence level and a very distinctive personality for an infant, making one believe Pearl is an allegorical symbol rather than a real human being. On account of the definition of an allegorical character; in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, Pearl’s abstract ideas and personifications emphasize her roll as a symbol throughout the novel, thus making her character more of an allegorical symbol than a real human being. The product of Hester’s sin and agony, Pearl is a painful constant reminder of her mother’s violation of the Seventh Commandment: Thou shalt not commit adultery. Hester feels that Pearl was given to her not only as a blessing but a punishment worse than death or ignominy. Hawthorne states, â€Å"We have as yet hardly spoken of the infant; that little creature, whose innocent life had sprung, by the inscrutable decree of Providence, a lovely and immortal flower, out of the rank luxuriance of a guilty passion† (81). We will write a custom essay sample on Pearl as an Allegorical Character or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hawthorne is using a metaphor to show how Pearl’s birth resulted from her mother’s foul act. Hester lives in fear that Pearl will â€Å"detect some dark and wild peculiarity, that could restore to the guiltiness to which she owed her being† (86). Since Hester believes that the act she committed was sinful, she believes the result of her act will also be sinful; regardless if the result is her daughter. Therefore, Hawthorne uses Pearl as an allegorical character more than a real person. Hester Prynne’s name choice for her daughter is no coincidence. Hawthorne states, â€Å"But she named the infant ‘Pearl,’ as being of great price—purchased with all she had—her mother’s only treasure† (81). This passage alludes to a parable of Jesus found in Mathew 13, Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a merchant looking for fine pearls. When he found one of great value, he went away and sold everything he had and bought it†(Mathew 13: 44 – 46 New International). This quote is exemplifying how Hawthorne uses Pearl’s name to convey abstract ideas like consequence and isolation. Beyond that, the name Pearl usually is representing purity; but in Hester’s case, she believes the opposite. Hence, the ironic usage of Pearl’s name shows how Hawthorne portrays her as more of an allegorical symbol than a real person. Pearl is passionate, she cannot be made to obey rules, and sometimes she seems more spirit than human. Pearl’s more spirit than human characteristics can be witnessed in chapter six on one summer’s day when Pearl throws flowers at the scarlet letter. Each flower that hits the mark causes a wound that cannot be healed. Hester cries out in agony and asks Pearl what she is doing. Hester believes she possesses’ devil qualities which is re-enforced by the wounds. Hawthorne writes, â€Å"The mother’s impassioned state had been the medium through which were transmitted to the unborn infant the rays of its moral life; and, however white and clear originally, they had taken the deep stains of crimson and gold, the fiery lustre, the black shadow, and the untempered light of the intervening substance. Above all, the warfare of Hester’s spirit, at that epoch, was perpetuated in Pearl†(83). This quotation is also offering insight towards Pearl’s nature. This is the first time that Pearls’ wildness is linking to the act of sin that helped create her. Pearl’s temper and wildness that reflects her mother is considered a symbol. This symbol lasts throughout the story and also has a double meaning. Because of this, one can infer that Pearl is an allegorical character. Hawthorne uses many literary devices and figurative language to characterize Pearl, but after analyzing one can infer that she is more definitely an allegorical character. Her representation of her mother’s sin, name and characteristics all lead me to this conclusion. Based on the definition of an allegorical character, in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, Pearl’s abstract ideas and personifications emphasize her roll as a symbol throughout the novel; thus making her character have two meanings: a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning.

Healing Hands Australian †Indigenous Health

Healing Hands Australian – Indigenous Health Free Online Research Papers The healing hands indigenous health rights campaign utilises the social planning approach. By using this approach, the campaign is delivered at a national level yet acknowledges that if changes with health care situations are to be made responsibility lies with commonwealth, state and territory governments. The campaign is designed to be a success because it is based on many facts and figures about indigenous health and the crisis it is in. the social planning position ensures there has been an assessment of community needs and problems – being the health crisis amongst indigenous Australians and applies a systematic planning of strategies for meeting the needs. This method is appropriate in that it emphasises on national and political procedures, for instance changes within government policies and funding. This ensures that the core aim of the campaign (that is, changing government policies/funding in concern to indigenous health) are not far fetched because of the level it is being applied. The expert knowledge involved in the campaign means that it is more likely the desired outcomes will be achieved. This approach ensures that the majority of the concern lies with delivering appr opriate services to the indigenous people so that their health improves. The campaign has changed behaviour in that it has raised community awareness about the indigenous health issue and how it is a matter of urgency – they did this through promoting and suggesting ways to show support – This approach is seen as the community education model. A mass of public debate derived from the campaign and the utilisation of the models. There were public debates evident in the media, with health professionals, among the indigenous community, non indigenous community and eminent Australians such as the governor and the president of the medical association. The campaign has been successful in that it has reached a vast audience and gained huge support from organisations such as government community services and individuals as well as prominent Australian figures. It has also been successful in that it had wide media coverage. Through researching the campaign, it was observable that due to the nature and complexity of government legislations and regulation, attempts to alter anything dramatically on a government level will be a slower process. However the campaign has achieved to make the issue a focal point amongst the media and public – therefore generating more reason for the issue to be a matter of urgency on the governments’ agenda. Research Papers on Healing Hands Australian - Indigenous HealthInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andHip-Hop is ArtMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductQuebec and CanadaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Effects of Television Violence on ChildrenTwilight of the UAWThe Project Managment Office System

Select an organisation of your choice and provide an in-depth analysis Assignment

Select an organisation of your choice and provide an in-depth analysis and evaluation of this organisation with respect to any T - Assignment Example Lloyds TSB Group acquired HBOS in 2009 and was effectively renamed Lloyds Banking Group, the name it uses in its operations up to date. The Banking Group had been largely successful in its operations, and it was evidenced by its expansion through mergers and acquisition. The mergers and acquisitions were carried out in attempts to consolidate its customer base and network. However, the bank was among the institutions that were affected by the financial crisis in late 2008. The effects of the financial crisis on the bank were severe and thus requiring its bailout by the government under strict conditions (Chambers and Mcmillan et al. 2010). The conditions set for the bank by the government in order to conform to the European Union established standards included the sale of some of its branches as well as renaming of the bank by the end of 2013. The paper gives an in-depth analysis of the organization’s code of conduct and the ethical implications of the company’s interna tional operations. The organization’s code of conduct The organization’s vision sets out the tone for the establishment of its code of conduct at the personal and business level. The organization’s vision is for the banking group to be recognized as the best bank for customers. The banking group has its presence all over the United Kingdom. ... 1-13). The general code of conduct for the organization has been designed to ensure that the five pillars of the organization are incorporated. The pillars that govern the operations of the organization include being the best company employees can work for, reducing the environmental impact of the organization, placing customers at the front of the organization’s activities, investing in communities as part of the corporate social responsibility (CSR), and working responsibly with external stakeholders. The company’s employees and any person who acts on their behalf are acquainted to the code of conduct towards their consumers. The compliance of the codes of responsibilities on a personal level contributes largely to the delivery of the five pillars and achievement of the company’s vision (Group Corporate Affairs 2013, pp. 1-13). Employees and agents are expected to understand the codes of conduct and carry out their transactions in line with the codes. The manag ement expects employees and agents to keep vigilance over their colleagues and act responsibly by reporting those who persistently violate the laid down rules. The organization has set up mechanisms that ensure the identity of whistleblowers is not revealed. All cases of violation are investigated with stringent measures taken against guilty parties. The organization’s code of conduct firstly dictates the relationship between the customers and its staff. The employees and agents of the organization are supposed to think about the customers first in all their actions. The designing and delivery of products to customers by the organization's staff should always place importance on their customers’ needs and changes in the global

Online Business and E-Commerce Services in Libya as a developing Literature review

Online Business and E-Commerce Services in Libya as a developing country - Literature review Example Before E-Commerce can be adopted on a wide scale, however, there are many obstacles to be overcome. This chapter reviews the literature in terms of issues to be considered when planning the expansion of online business and e-commerce services in a developing country. The introductory section looks at definitions of e-commerce and theories as they apply to developing countries. Section 2.2. is wide-ranging and covers a selection of the large number of empirical studies conducted in different developing countries across the world. After this (Section 2.3) there is a consideration of previous work done on the readiness of society to accept and use e-commerce within developing countries with Arabic language and culture. Finally the literature on e-commerce potential in Libya is reviewed, including any specific challenges facing this particular context. The term â€Å"e-commerce† emerged in the late twentieth century with the increasing use of computers in everyday life. It can be defined very simply as â€Å"goods and services transacted over Internet† (Purohit and Purohit, 2005, p. 8) A more expansive definition is the following: â€Å"the sharing of business information, maintaining business relationships and conducting business transactions through telecommunications networks† (Zwass, 1996 and 2003, p. 8) This definition emphasises the importance of all the links in the chain from supplier to business and to customer. Zwass is keen to point out that it is not simply a matter of customers and businesses being linked through the World Wide Web by means of computers, but in fact it is a phenomenon that requires radically different organisational developments behind the scenes, involving both telecommunications and computers: â€Å"The most important of these are interorganizational information systems, standa rds for exchanging business documents, such as electronic data interchange (EDI), distributed database management systems, and collaboration technology.† (Zwass, 2003, p. 9) All of these dimensions are widely available in the developed world, and research in improving them, increasing innovation and leveraging more efficiency and profits from their use is continuing at a fast pace. Current interest in newer technologies such as digital signatures is growing but their usefulness in developing countries is questionable, since most transactions there depend on longstanding company to company relationships and there is a reluctance to enter into B2b relationships with people who are not familiar. (Humphrey et al, 2003, p. i) The phenomenal success of huge global retailers such as eBay and Amazon have demonstrated the value in creating flexible market places, with standard pricing, auctions and customer participation in both buying and selling as part of the whole business culture. One meta-analysis of articles on the adoption of online shopping cited the dot com bubble and the sudden crisis that occurred there as a reason why the early promise of huge growth in online business did not quite occur in the way that was originally predicted. (Chang et al., 2004) but all the signs are that these teething problems have been dealt with, and E-Commerce is

PSY 101 Introduction to Psychology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PSY 101 Introduction to Psychology - Assignment Example The humanistic theories are also discussed in the chapter (Ellen et al.: slides 16-18), and these theories are presented as more humanistic than Freud’s theories. In this case, Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is outlined. The chapter analysis that under these theories, although parents set up conditions for their children, there is a person centered therapy where people are taught to live by their own values. Moreover, the chapter discusses trait theories (Ellen et al.: slides 19-23) and the way they explain personality and differences among people with regard to personal characteristics that consider situations. It explores some ideas proposed by early trait theorists. The chapter concludes the topic by listing five factors that were considered by trait theorists as most significant in personality. The chapter also discusses cognitive theories (Ellen et al.: slides 24-27) where the situation trait debate is analyzed. The components of Bandura’s reciprocal determinism model are discussed, in addition to the locus of control and what it contributes to personality. Lastly (slides 28-38), the nature, nurture and personality are discussed and the way personality differs across culture. The chapter concludes by discussing personality assessment methods, the rating scales and tests. In this light, chapter eleven highlights the projection of the result’s insight to personality. Chapter twelve discusses psychological disorders including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, schizophrenia, and other psychological disorders. The chapter starts by defining psychological disorder (Ellen et al.: slide 2-8) as mental processes or behavioral pattern that leads to emotional distress and finally impairs the mental functioning of an individual. The criteria to be used to determine abnormal behavior are discussed with the inclusion of DSM-IV-TR, which is used by clinicians. The ways of preventing psychological disorders and the theoretical approaches used to explain

Padini Holdings Berhad Is A Malaysia Based Investment Marketing Essay

Padini Holdings Berhad Is A Malaysia Based Investment Marketing Essay Padini Holdings Berhad is a Malaysia-based investment holding company. Padini has setup its operation in Malaysias apparel industry, manufacturing and trading. Its product line includes garments for men, women and children; women shoes, maternity wear and fashion accessories for men, women and children.. It operates in Malaysia and Hong Kong. Its major subsidiaries include Vincci Ladies Specialties Centre Sdn. Bhd., Padini Corporation Sdn. Bhd., Seed Corporation Sdn. Bhd., Yee Fong Hung (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd., Mikihouse Childrens Wear Sdn. Bhd., Vincci Holdings Sdn. Bhd., Padini Dot Com Sdn. Bhd., The New World Garment Manufacturers Sdn. Bhd. and Padini International Limited. PEST ANALYSIS Political Factors In order to improve consumers spending in the clothing industry, Mega Carnival Sale has been implemented by the Malaysian government is to be held 3 times a year. Its main purpose is to promote Malaysia as a value for money shopping destination. This aggressive approach attracts the tourist to shop at the local apparel outlets, which in turn would increase foreign tourist spending and increases our countrys foreign exchange earnings. This would also encourage the Malaysians to shop locally, which would benefit Padini Holdings Bhd in terms of their sales. This has created an opportunity for the domestic companies. However the side effect of such activities would stimulate the domestic economy and increases the number of competitors in the domestic market. Nevertheless, Padini Holdings would still stand out as a market leader. Economic Factors Malaysias economic growth is to be has been unstable fluctuating from -1.5 to -2.6 from 2008 to 2010. The highest growth was during the period of March to September 2009 which increases from -7, 8 to 5.7. The economic growth is expected to be due to the domestic market with growth in the private sector. The private sector makes up the majority of the Malaysian economy, with private consumption accounting for nearly 44% of GDP. Love Malaysia, Buy Malaysia campaign was launched to by the government to get Malaysians to support domestic market and take holidays in local tourist sites. The government also subsequently launched a national campaign on wise spending, with the aim to educate consumers on the importance of domestic demand on the GDP growth and economic recovery as a whole. Social Factors Malaysian is classified as an upper middle-income country, and considered as one of the most developed among the developing countries. Middle income households defined as those earning between RM1, 500 and RM3, 500 per month, and has increased from 32.3% of total household population in 1995 to 37% in 1999. The low-income group, categorized by household income of up to RM1, 500 per month, spends a proportion of this amount on food. Meanwhile, the high and middle income households spend most of their money at hypermarkets. 3.4% of their income is spent on clothing and foot wear. Malaysias consumers lifestyle has been changing for the better due to the rise in education levels. High profile retailers as well as global mass media have shaped consumers buying behaviour, resulting in the Malaysians being more westernized. The Malaysians life leisure life revolves around trendy shopping malls. Therefore Padini Holdings Bhd has to be more update with the latest trends. They have to advertis e and keep the consumers informed and reminded that they still exist and provide the customers with quality and trendy clothes. Technological Factor With the Internet and e-commerce, retailers can now sell their products online and deliver it to customers on their door-step efficiently within a timely manner. It can make customers life more convenient as they do not need to get their house to go purchase a product in the hypermarket and making the purchase at the comfort of their own home. Furthermore, retailers can also sell their products to the overseas market without the need to open a physical store in the foreign country. This helps Padini Holdings to earn more profit using online intermediaries and cut costs by not establishing new stores in certain areas. PORTERS 5 FORCES 4.1 Intensity of rivalry among existing competitors In todays industry, many company has increase its size in order to competitively fit. Most company now is equally big in terms of size. When the firms are of equal size, they will have to compete for the same resources such as brand image, market share, customers loyalty, and other factor. This would result in a high rivalry and a threat for Padini Holdings Bhd, especially since its competitors: Giordano Holdings Bhd, Bonia Corporation Bhd and Esprit are of equal size. Hence, Padini has to compete with aggressive strategies, such as opening more outlets and creating new and trendier styles and designs to capture customers attention. Cost of switching is low The cost of switching is low, because customer will only have to compare prices of competitors clothing and services offered. They can also compare the styles of the clothing season. This increases the rivalry among competitors and Padini will never stop competing against Bonia, Esprit, Giordano to ensure that they make a sale, and that customers will always keep retuning because of the trendy clothing styles. This is a big catch for the competitors because constant advertising counts in calling to the customers. 4.2 Threat of Substitutes In the retailing and manufacturing industry for apparels, there is no visible substitute, because clothing is a basic need and necessity. However, there are potential substitutes in reaching to the customers. This is in the form of a non-retailing store, where by it is slowly gaining popularity in the Asian countries. Non-retailing include direct mail, online shopping, direct mailers, telephone sales, door-to-door selling. In Malaysia, we have already seen this appearing such as SmartShop, Cosway, Amway, and others. However the treat of substitutes is weak, because there isnt an entry yet on clothing only perhaps online shopping which is currently available at large, but hasnt gained popularity in the Asian culture. 4.3 The power of Buyers Padini has the same customer base as its competitors. Therefore, switching cost is low and if customers are not satisfied with the quality, and service offered it can switch easily to its competitors and purchase from them. The issue here is the fashion, how fashionable is the products of Padini and does it provide the better value to the customers than its adversary. The bargaining power of buyers here is moderate, and they can influence fashion and trend. Thus Padini must be sensitive to the customers ever changing trend to satisfy their needs. However, the products are differentiated, thus buyers arent able to find the same style and instead have to purchase from Padini even if the price is moderately high. 4.5 Threat of entry The existing companies such as Padini, Bonia and Elba have already established themselves with manufacturing. They are already operating at the lowest cost possible because their selling prices are much cheaper than foreign competitors. Since they achieved economic of scale it is difficult for new comers to come into the market, because they will face retaliation from the existing companies. New companies can come into the market, however they cannot operate in a large scale immediately, instead they can compete with smaller competitors that are not listed in the KLSE, and once they have been in the market for long and have expanded in size, can they start to compete with Elba, Padini, Espirit and Bonia. *Product Differentiation Established firms like Padini, Elba, and Bonia already have brand identification and customer loyalties. It has taken several years to obtain this through heavy expenditures spent on advertising, creating a good customer service, creating the products with style and fashion. As for Padini, they have acquired a large amount of market share after establishing its brand for a long time. Thus, entry here will be low because new companies will have to study the market and do good public relations to win the heart of consumers. Furthermore, it is very risky to build a brand name, because there is a potential of failure even if a big amount of money has been spent on advertising, thus suffering from a start up loss which may take years to recover. 5.0 COMPETITORS ANALYSIS Within the apparel industry, here are a number of retailers that have already been well established such as, Bonia, Espirit, and Giordano that are direct competitors of Padini. They are selling the same product but it is highly differentiated in their style, design and services provided. 5.1 5.2 Bonia Corporation Bhd Bonia was incorporated as a private company on 28th August 1981, and became public on 22nd June 1993. The Bonia Group is involved in the designing, manufacturing, marketing, retailing, wholesaling and franchising of fashionable leather goods, accessories and apparel for the local and overseas markets. Bonias market share in Malaysia and Singapore is currently between 35% and 40%. Bonia has two factories in Malaysia. The strengths possessed by Bonia is that have a superior and well established brand name, compared to the formal wear at Elbas fashion menswear. They have also expanded into the foreign market such as New York, London, Paris, Tokyo, Hong Kong, and Thailand. Bonia has several promotional activities such as the members card, whereby point can be accumulated. The weakness of Bonia is that during the 97crisis, their financial performance had been affected, and in the later years, they had to change their strategy and focus on the core products and to ensure a profit, they had to dispose of their land which was meant for the construction of apartments. 5.3 Esprit Holdings Limited Headquartered in Hong Kong, Esprit Holdings Limited is engaged in the sourcing, retail and wholesale distribution and licensing of quality and lifestyle products designed under the globally recognized ESPRIT brand name. It has been a listed company in Hong Kong since 1993 and has a secondary listing on the London Stock Exchange since December 1998. The strengths of Esprit is that they have a very well established brand, and they have been expanding tremendously in the overseas market, and have ventured into new product lines such as sports wear and clothes for kids. They have been successful in their financial performance, and have managed to survive with positive figures even during the turbulent events that took place in the economy. However, the weakness is that in Malaysia itself, they are not very aggressive in their advertising. They seldom advertise when there is a sale or when any other promotional events are taking place or when they are launching a new clothing design. 5.6 Giordano The company was established in 1981 and it is one of the well known and established brands in the Asia Pacific region especially Malaysia. Giordano is a retailer of unisex casual wear apparel catering to a market which is young and looking for affordable clothes. Simplicity is perhaps the most important guiding principal of the brand Giordano feels that by keeping everything simple. The strengths of Giordano are that it offers simple clothing in terms of its designs. It is cheap compared to other foreign competitors like Esprit, and even with these affordable prices, their products are of good quality. The weakness however is that they have been doing poorly in their financial performance ever since the 97crisis took place. Thus, with insufficient funds, they are not able to aggressively advertise and expand their outlets across the Malaysia region. Conclusion The key success factors of Padini are that they are very aggressive in their advertising compare to most of their competitor. They recognize the value of promotions and advertising as a way of building a brand image. This incepts a strong image in the customers mind that it is a brand of great value and affordable for them. Padini is always one of the top few brand in the customers list when they buy their clothes especially formal dressings. Padini is always implementing new concepts diversely in the apparel industry in order to be unpredictable and stand out from its competitors. The firm is also began to expand into overseas neigbouring countries such as Bangkok and Thailand. This accounts for one of its globalization strategies. The downside of this company is that it has too many different brands. Their famous brands is Padini Concept and Vincci which is widely known by the consumers whereas the other brands are not well exposed to the customers. Some of them maybe known to the customer but they do not know that they belong to the same family.

A Rose for Emily By William Faulkner :: Free Essay Writer

In my opinion, William Faulkner displays a perfect example of the old saying, â€Å"what goes around comes around† in the short story A Rose For Emily. The main character, Miss Emily Grierson, doesn’t know why the public eye looks at her the way it does, she also doesn’t know why people act so differently around her. I believe it is strongly because of her father and the way he treated her while she was growing up. The story only spoke briefly about the father, but what they did say made him out to be somewhat controlling person. The story mentioned that there was a picture in the house that showed Miss Emily and her father standing in the doorway. Miss Emily was placed in the background and her father was in the front with a whip. To me, that seems very intimidating and controlling. In some situations people use a whip to control or tame a situation or even person. Another instance that seemed to be controlling on the part of the father was that no one was ever good enough for his daughter, Miss Emily. Mr. Grierson was always running off the young men that would come around the house to see Miss Emily. Miss Emily’s father never even tried to see if any of the young men were of any interest to Miss Emily. The story also states that the Griersons thought that they were better than the other people in the town. The fact that Miss Emily’s father was a controlling man was one of the main, but not only, motivations for the way that Miss Emily acted and reacted to the public. Another characteristic of Miss Emily was that she was not a very sociable person with the community except for that six or seven years when she taught china painting. The reason that I feel Miss Emily acted in this way was again due to the controlling nature of her father and the fact that she was raised to think that she was better than the other people around her. With Miss Emily’s father being in control of the things in her life she did not know how to react to or communicate with other people in a normal manner. The next action that I would like to address that Miss Emily acted upon was to choose a man that no one agreed with.

Cloud Computing for Academic Environment

Volume 2 No. 2, February 2012 ISSN 2223-4985 International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Research  ©2012 ICT Journal. All rights reserved http://www. esjournals. org Cloud Computing for Academic Environment Ajith Singh. N1, M. Hemalatha2 2 Department of Computer Science, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, India Department of Software Systems & Research, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, India 1 ABSTRACT In traditional computing, we install software programs on system (computer) update the hardware as per our requirements.Documents we create or save are stored in our computer. Documents are accessible on our own network, but they can’t be accessed by computers outside the network. Using of cloud computing, the software programs aren’t run from one’s personal computer, but are rather stored on servers accessed via the Internet. Cloud Computing provides resources and capabilities of Information Technology (e. g. , applications, storages, communi cation, collaboration, infrastructure) via services offered by CSP (cloud service provider).Cloud Computing has various characteristics as shared infrastructure, self-service, pay-per use model, dynamic and virtualized, elastic and scalable. Cloud computing in academic environment will be benefitted by every student and staff where lots of collaboration and safety of data is needed in academic. Academic has various departments and many semesters where lots of students need to access the computing a need for highly available up-to-date software and hardware is must. Cloud computing has the capacity of scaling and elasticity which is perfect for such an environment.Keywords: Cloud Computing, Web service, Virtualization, Grid Computing, Virtual Computing Lab, higher education institutions I. INTRODUCTION Cloud computing growth has taken all the attention of various communities like researches, student, business, consumer and government organization. Big data is the main reason for comi ng of cloud computing in the show, everyday lots of data in the size of PETA bytes are uploaded in the digital world which required lots of storage and computing resources.Cloud Computing is a marketing term which is also known as utility computing deliver the service as software, platform and infrastructure as a service in pay-as-you-go model to consumers. Berkeley report says on this services as â€Å"Cloud computing, the long held dream of computing as a utility, has the potential to transform a large part of the IT industry, making software even more attractive as a service. Education has been gradually expanded, and the education object has slowly turned to social staff.The teaching method from black board to online is growing fast than ever. An online tutor which helps has to take class in any hour is an advance of learning using technology. E-learning and online solution is what we required in education environment. With the increasing number in receiving education, a series of new problems have emerged. For example: As teaching methods change, the existing teaching-learning methods cannot meet demand; and with the constant expansion of education, the existing teaching facilities also need to constantly update.When Cloud Computing appears, it provides a new solution to establish a unified, open and flexible network teaching platform and reduce the hardware input [10]. Internet is the resource where we can transform cloud computing, it can deliver the most advanced software and educational materials, hardware resources and services to students and educators in even the most impoverished or remote school districts in the state, without the need for advanced IT expertise at those locations. At the same point, it does more for significantly less, providing needed relief for currently strained education budgets [12].IT companies are eager to encourage educational adoption of cloud computing; for example, Google Apps for Education Suite comprises Google Mail , Calendar, Talk, Docs, Sites and Video with zero cost and without advertisements [1], According to a Forrester cost analysis [9], Google Apps is more effective than a Microsoft Exchange e-mail. Based on CSU research, the costs of software licensing, server hardware and staffing to support 50,000 users by using Microsoft Exchange e-mail (the number of undergraduate e-mail accounts at CSU) would be $9,774,000 per year [2].The cost of Google Apps for businesses is $50 per user per year, or with 50,000 users, $2,500,000 per year. The cost of Google Apps Education Edition, however, is $0 per year [2]. As we can see from this example, the industrial cloud computing solution for the educational institution already gave an estimated savings from about $9,774,000 per year to $2,500,000 per year in the â€Å"businesses version† or to zero cost of licensing and equipment in the â€Å"educational version†.Taking into account the last two examples, we can see that both approaches, industrial (or commercial) and non-commercial cloud computing solutions can be successfully employed within educational institutions and another example, IBM launched IBM Cloud Academy that 97 Volume 2 No. 2, February 2012 ISSN 2223-4985 International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Research  ©2012 ICT Journal. All rights reserved http://www. esjournals. org s provide a global forum for educators, researchers and IT professionals from education industry to pursue cloud computing initiatives, develop skill and share best practices for reducing operating costs while improving quality and access to education. In this way users do not need to buy a server, only need to purchase related â€Å"services† can create an efficient network teaching platform [10]. Using of cloud computing in academicians in universities are not aware of benefits and characteristic of minimizing the cost of cloud computing.From an ITmanagement view, it radically reduces resource man agement costs —including electric power, cooling and system management personnel, while driving up the utilization of servers and software licenses, which in turn reduces purchasing requirements [12]. Lab Problem The maintenance of dozens of computers in the labs becomes a burden for the system administrator. This paper proposed diskless cluster computing environment in a computer classroom and the development of teaching network management system in computer classroom.In this paper we discuss the â€Å"Cloud Computing† paradigm and characteristics, service and deployment models, implementations of cloud services at universities, and various opportunities and benefits of Cloud Computing for universities & academic institutions. Finally, we suggest a design prototype of Cloud Computing for Academic Environment. IV. Benefits of Cloud Computing †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Reduced implementation and maintenance costs Increased mobility for a glo bal workforce Flexible and scalable infrastructures Quick time to market IT department transformation (focus on innovation vs.Maintenance and implementation) â€Å"Greening† of the data center Increased availability of high-performance applications to small/medium-sized businesses [3] Cloud Computing II. RELATED WORKS Invent of Internet changes the way we use of computer. From mail to shopping we all depend on this huge group of network computer. Cloud computing has entirely changes what the internet means. Powerful of desktop application is available on net and storage is available online wherever we go from any device. ELearning and web 2. 0 learning totally changes of education system.Teacher and student work together in online project not in school or colleges but from home also. Teaching has never been easy without cloud computing [10]. Definitions of cloud is defined by many expert, but the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) definition is a generally accepted standard: â€Å"Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (such as networks, servers, storage, applications and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. 4 More simply, a cloud can be considered to be a collection of hardware, software and other resources that can be accessed over the Internet, and used to assemble a solution on demand (that is, at the time of the request) to provide a set of services back to the requester. When analyzed the definitions, there is a consensus on few key points; (1) Cloud Computing ensure on-demand access to a pool of computing resources, (2) dynamically scalable services, (3) device and media independency, and (4) easier maintenance of applications due to do not need to be installed on users’ computers.Cloud computing should be elasticity and scalability. Figure (1) [5], adapted [4] shows six phases of computing paradigms, from dummy terminals/mainframes, to PCs, networking computing, to grid and cloud computing. In phase 1, many users shared powerful mainframes using dummy terminals. In phase 2, stand-alone PCs became powerful enough to meet the majority of users’ needs. In phase 3, PCs, laptops, and servers were connected together through local networks to share resources and increase performance.In phase 4, local networks were connected to other local networks forming a global network such as the Internet to utilize remote applications and resources. In phase 5, grid computing provided shared computing power and storage through a distributed computing. III. PURPOSE OF RESEARCH Students’ learning is no longer confined within the classroom in the era of e-learning 2. 0[11]. The environment of IT education could be improved to let student access learning resources anywhere. IGNOU (Indira Gandhi national Open University) is the good exa mple of e-learning.The free software can be adopted for constructing the cloud computing service for the environment of IT like OpenOffice. org such as word processing, spreadsheets, and presentations. Only a browser is needed for students to connect to the cloud computing service for learning. 98 Volume 2 No. 2, February 2012 ISSN 2223-4985 International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Research  ©2012 ICT Journal. All rights reserved http://www. esjournals. org Figure 2. Cloud computing service models VI. CLOUDS COMPUTING IN UNIVERSITIESA Cloud-computing service that will let universities and colleges build custom private clouds that can be integrated into public cloud services [10]. Three main factors interests in Cloud Computing: 1) rapid decrease in hardware cost and increase in computing power and storage capacity, and the advent of multi-core architecture and modern supercomputers consisting of hundreds of thousands of cores; 2) the exponentially growing data size in scientific instrumentation/simulation and Internet publishing and archiving; and 3) the widespread adoption of Services Computing and Web 2. applications. For example, a university student taking a college math course could access a cloud from his or her door room, to obtain a physical or virtual server (with the necessary storage) and a copy of Maple or MATLAB software running on it to use for homework or a class project. Likewise, an elementary school teacher could access the same cloud to request one virtual machine for each of his or her students running Mathmedia software, as part of his or her classroom instructional activities [12]. Figure 1. Six computing paradigms Image source: smart-cloud-computing. logspot. com V. CLOUD PLATFORMS AND SERVICE DEPLOYMENT MODELS A. Essential Cloud Characteristics ? On-demand self-service ? Broad network access ? Resource pooling ? Location independence ? Rapid elasticity ? Measured service B. Cloud Service Models ? Software as a Service (SaaS) ? Use provider’s applications over a network ? Platform as a Service (PaaS) ? Deploy customer-created applications to a cloud ? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) ? Rent processing, storage, network capacity C. Cloud Deployment Models ? Public-Sold to the public, mega-scale infrastructure ?Private-enterprise owned or leased ? Hybrid-composition of two or more clouds ? Community-shared infrastructure for specific community VII. PRIVATE CLOUD FOR UNIVERSITIES Private cloud (also called internal cloud or corporate cloud) is a marketing term for a proprietary computing architecture that provides hosted services to a limited number of people behind a firewall. Advances in virtualization and distributed computing have allowed corporate network and datacenter administrators to effectively become service providers that meet the needs of their â€Å"customers† within the corporation.Marketing media that uses the words â€Å"private cloud† is designed to a ppeal to an organization that needs or wants more control over their data than they can get by using a third-party hosted service such as Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) or Simple Storage Service 99 Volume 2 No. 2, February 2012 ISSN 2223-4985 International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Research  ©2012 ICT Journal. All rights reserved http://www. esjournals. org (S3) [6]. Fig. 3 Represent the private cloud of an organization. be enabling on university campus to safeguard of student, staff, and lecture data. Business Applications Figure 3: Example of Private cloud in organizations Hosted in the cloud are probably the most promising cloud service and the most interesting topic for computer science education because it can give businesses the option to pay as they go while providing the big-impact benefit of the latest technology advancements [7]. The involvement of students in such type of projects with real customers is mutually beneficial to students, fa culty and businesses. †¢ Personal Productivity Applications VIII. PROPOSED EDUCATIONAL CLOUD INFRASTRUCTER PROTOTYPEDesign of Cloud Infrastructure needed the following service and application †¢ Collaboration Application Moving email and PIM (personal information manager) to managed service providers. IDC says that 67 percent of survey respondents believe collaboration applications such as email, chat, conferencing and collaborative file sharing solutions such as SharePoint are a great fit for the cloud because they reduce costs in the short term [7]. For collaboration application GMAIL apps come in handy without any charges. For our International conference I have uploaded spreadsheet for collaboration work here any person involves in maintaining the office work is done online. †¢ Web Serving CIchannelinsider. com predicts that hosted mobile applications through carriers and mobile software providers as well as document-editing applications like those from DataViz an d Quick office are also expected to gain traction [7]. Mobile phone is widely used among student and staff application or service develop in university campus can be used in mobile device also which means every time we are connected to university campus. A university mini Facebook would be a great deal to share and update news among the student and staff.IX. SUGGESTED ACADEMIC ENVIRONEMNT CLOUD Moving web servers, management and analytic tools to the cloud is also at the top of the prioritized list, because this will reduce maintenance costs and reliance on subscription models as well as improve rapidness of deployment [7]. Cloud Sever is the key part of the computing platform to ensure its scalability. All the resource can be store at this cloud server which includes online videos, audios, pictures, and course wares etc. This web server infrastructure in cloud computing can share resources for educational and research purposes. Cloud Backup Some companies like Asigra are moving dis aster recovery and back-up to the cloud. As IDC says, in spite of cloud security concerns, 60 percent of enterprises are still considering moving back-up off-site to the cloud to protect against natural disasters, IT mishaps, power outages and other unforeseen catastrophic events [7]. Drop Box is a free service to take back up of our data in cloud environment it enable synchronize with any device wherever drop box is install. A cloud backup service can The study aims to suggest a cloud environment for academic purposes.Academic environment is where lots of computer is uses and many of them are not in use which lead to malfunction of computer and maintenance is highly complicated due to lack of staff. The propose cloud computing environment will be of storage infrastructure, development platform, and software delivering. Changing of hardware resources and lots of storage capacity is required in academic environment computing lab [11]. Many universities and colleges started using thin client technology to reduce the cost but thin client is not suitable for high performance computing.Office applications, programming language, and multimedia developing courses are not only for IT department but too many departments also. Also every year, the new versions of applications were used for courses with respect to the needs of industry. As a natural result of this progress, new software cause new hardware costs [11]. Installing and maintaining will be free from everyone. Whenever any new software appears many of hardware don’t support and everyday many bytes of storage are required where loss of data is very high due to improper handling of computer by many student. Student mistakenly or unknowingly deletes other data.By using cloud computing in academic environment collaboration among the staff and student will be more like using Google docs or any other private 100 Volume 2 No. 2, February 2012 ISSN 2223-4985 International Journal of Information and Communicatio n Technology Research  ©2012 ICT Journal. All rights reserved http://www. esjournals. org collaboration design on office 635. Cloud Computing will be of great help. By giving a virtual machine to everyone and a secure password student and staff will work on their own virtual machine and if anything happens will only crash the virtual machine not the entire system.Below Fig. 4 represents the proposed cloud computing for academic environment. By this way, lecturers will focus their basic tasks and not lose their workforce. With this cloud computing environment student can work from their lab as well from home. Where there data and application will be available always. [2] Dan R. Herrick. 2009. Google this! : using Google apps for collaboration and productivity. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGUCCS fall conference on User services conference (SIGUCCS '09). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 55-64. DOI=10. 1145/1629501. 1629513 http://doi. acm. rg/10. 1145/1629501. 1629513 [3] Rittinghouse,J. W. , & Ransome,J. F. (2010). Cloud Computing Implementation, Management, and Security. New York: Taylor and Francis Group. [4] http://www. cmlab. csie. ntu. edu. tw/~jimmychad/CN20 11/Readings/CloudComputingNewWine. pdf [5] Furht,B. , and Escalante,A. (2010). Handbook of Cloud Computing. New York: Springer http://searchcloudcomputing. techtarget. com/definition /private-cloud [6] http://www. channelinsider. com/c/a/CloudComputing/Top-5-Cloud-Applications-for-2010319995/? kc=EWWHNEMNL02262010STR2Cloud computing. http://en. ikipedia. org/wiki/Cloud_computinghttp://w ww. google. com/a/help/intl/en/admins/pdf/forrester_cl oud_email_cost_analysis. pdf [7] Khmelevsky,Y. , and Voytenko,V. (2010). Cloud Computing Infrastructure Prototype for University Education and Research. Proceedings of the 15th Western Canadian Conference on Computing Education. Kelowna, Canada: ACM. [8] Personalized and self regulated learning in the Web 2. 0 era: International exemplars of innovative pedagogy using social software, Australasian Journal of Educational Technology 2010, 26(1), 28-43 [9] http://code. google. om/appengine/docs/whatisgooglea ppengine. html [10] The Research and Application of Network Teaching Platform Based on Cloud Computing, Zhang Tao and Jiao Long, International Journal of Information and Education Technology, Vol. 1, No. 3, August 2011 [11] Cloud Computing For Distributed University Campus: A Prototype Suggestion, Mehmet Fatih Erkoc, Serhat Bahadir Kert, http://www. pixelonline. net/edu_future/common/download/Paper_pdf/ ENT30-Erkoc. pdf [12] The Transformation of Education through State Education Clouds, www. ibm. com/ibm/files/N734393J24929X18/EBW0 3002-USEN-00. df Figure 4: Academic Cloud Computing Image source: Erkoc. pdf http://www. pixel-online. net/edu_future/common/download/Paper_pdf/ENT30- X. CONCLUSION Cloud computing is a solution to many problem of computing. Even we are in IT ages complication of computing has created much disaster to computer world. Lots of crisis has happen in business world as well as in academic environment. Data security, storage, processing power is limited while using traditional computing. Data are also in risk and not available all time. But by using of cloud computing the entire problem is solve.Computer in academic environment must have the latest hardware and software. Due to cost many couldn’t fulfill the availability of resource to student and staff by using cloud computing in academic environment we can solve all the issue. Cloud computing is new technology suitable for any environment. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We thank Karpagam University for motivating and encouraging doing our Research work in a Successful. REFERENCES [1] Behrend,T. S. , Wiebe,E. N. , London,J. E. , and Johnson,E. C. (2011). Cloud computing adoption and usage in community colleges. Behavior & Information Technology, 30 (2), 231–240. 101

Idea Of Government In Nectar In A Sieve Essays - Nectar In A Sieve

Idea Of Government In Nectar In A Sieve Essays - Nectar In A Sieve Idea Of Government In Nectar In A Sieve Government in Kamala Markandayas, Nectar in a Sieve One might think of government as a bunch of sly politicians running the country from a little office in the White House. Or perhaps he or she pictures a mighty king sitting on the throne of his country, telling his loyal subjects and servants what to do. Even though both of these are very common descriptions of government, neither of them fit the governmental system in the small village of Gopalpur in South India. The book, Nectar in a Sieve, by Kamala Markandaya describes such a village, as well as the governmental system within it. The characters in the book are used to a government that is quite different from those in the United States or Western Europe. In Gopalpur, the rich rule society while the poor are left to fend for themselves. And, in addition, the rich do not care about the well-being of the poor villagers. There is no set governmental system; it is simply understood that the rich hold all the authority. The rich posses the money, and therefore, the power to make the ru les by which everyone else must follow. The structure of the village was this: the rich owned all the land. They would hire tenants to farm the land for them, since they owned such vast amounts that they could not work it themselves. However, there were so many tenants hired, that the owner could not keep track of them all. So he hired overseers to manage the village. Each of these overseers were assigned their own districts, which they would manage for the owner of the land in return for a small percentage of the rent. And this system was accepted as government in the eyes of the villagers. It was just the way things were. In her book, Markandaya tells the story of one of these tenant farmers, Nathan. His wife was called Rukmani, the main character of this novel, and the two of them lived with their family in a small mud hut Nathan had constructed for them when they were wed. The mud hut was not at all extravagant, they did not wear nice clothes, and they had only the basics to eat, for they could not afford any more on the salary they were getting from the owner of the land. But Nathan and his wife were very content. Rukmani describes the system of land ownership as this: In all the years of our tenancy we never saw the Zemindar who owned our land. Sivaji acted for him, and being a kindly, humane man we counted ourselves lucky. Unlike some, he did not extract payment in kind to the last grain; he allowed us to keep the gleanings; he did not demand from us bribes of food or money; nor did he claim for himself the dung from the fields, which he might easily have done. (35) Sivaji was the overseer of Rukmanis district. As stated, there were many overseers who did not care about the condition of the tenants. They would take every last penny even if it meant starvation for the tenants family. Fortunately, Sivaji was different. He too had a family, and cared about the well-being of the other families in his district. One year, however, the harvest had not been as good as expected. There had not been enough crops to sell in order to pay the rent, and Nathan and his family were barely surviving. Sivaji came to collect the rent money. There is nothing this year, Nathan said to him. Not even gleanings, for the grain was but little advanced. You have had the land, Sivaji said, for which you have contracted to pay: so much money, so much rice. These are just dues, I must have them. Would you have me return empty-handed? What would you have me do? The last harvest was meager; we have nothing saved. Sivaji looked away, I do not know. It is your concern. I must do as I am bid. (77) The family obviously did not have enough money, so Nathan and Rukmani gathered up whatever valuable possessions they could find and sold them to the highest bidder.

Free Essays on LEE Electronics

Executive Summary Objectives & Results  · The Purpose of this project was to establish a foundation by which Leading Edge Electronics can evaluate the overall profitability for each account number and model number.  · Results show that approximately 3% of the total accounts represent over 75% of the total profit margin. It was also found that less then 6% of the total models accounted for over 95% of the total profit margin. Supporting Reasoning & Methodology  · The original data was cleaned (Exhibit 1) to provide more accurate data for analysis.  · The data was organized into the seven different business classes of products and further analyzed based on volume, revenues and profits (Exhibit 2). Upon further inspection, it was concluded that CEG, with 49% of total revenues and 34% of profits, would be the most appropriate business class to develop the framework for future analysis.  · The CEG data was isolated and segmented, based on profit margins, into ABC classes for both account numbers and model numbers. The â€Å"A† class consisted of customers and models that accounted for 75% of total profits in their respective classes. The â€Å"B† class consisted of the next 20% of total profits while the â€Å"C† class made up the remaining 5%. The breakdown is as follows: Customer Breakdown ABC Class Number of Accounts % of Total Accounts Total Margin % of Total Margin A 87 3.07% 73,028,058.37 75.07% B 184 6.49% 19,453,205.12 20.00% C 2564 90.44% 4,802,088.65 4.94% Totals 2835 100.00% 97,283,352.14 100.00% Model Breakdown ABC Class Number of Models % of Total Accounts Total Margin % of Total Margin A 24 2.56% 73,415,950.13 75.47% B 30 3.21% 19,592,776.25 20.14% C 882 94.23% 4,274,625.76 4.39% Totals 936 100.00% 97,283,352.14 100.00%  · Once the breakdown was established, a matrix was derived based on the ABC analysis for both the customers and model numbers ... Free Essays on LEE Electronics Free Essays on LEE Electronics Executive Summary Objectives & Results  · The Purpose of this project was to establish a foundation by which Leading Edge Electronics can evaluate the overall profitability for each account number and model number.  · Results show that approximately 3% of the total accounts represent over 75% of the total profit margin. It was also found that less then 6% of the total models accounted for over 95% of the total profit margin. Supporting Reasoning & Methodology  · The original data was cleaned (Exhibit 1) to provide more accurate data for analysis.  · The data was organized into the seven different business classes of products and further analyzed based on volume, revenues and profits (Exhibit 2). Upon further inspection, it was concluded that CEG, with 49% of total revenues and 34% of profits, would be the most appropriate business class to develop the framework for future analysis.  · The CEG data was isolated and segmented, based on profit margins, into ABC classes for both account numbers and model numbers. The â€Å"A† class consisted of customers and models that accounted for 75% of total profits in their respective classes. The â€Å"B† class consisted of the next 20% of total profits while the â€Å"C† class made up the remaining 5%. The breakdown is as follows: Customer Breakdown ABC Class Number of Accounts % of Total Accounts Total Margin % of Total Margin A 87 3.07% 73,028,058.37 75.07% B 184 6.49% 19,453,205.12 20.00% C 2564 90.44% 4,802,088.65 4.94% Totals 2835 100.00% 97,283,352.14 100.00% Model Breakdown ABC Class Number of Models % of Total Accounts Total Margin % of Total Margin A 24 2.56% 73,415,950.13 75.47% B 30 3.21% 19,592,776.25 20.14% C 882 94.23% 4,274,625.76 4.39% Totals 936 100.00% 97,283,352.14 100.00%  · Once the breakdown was established, a matrix was derived based on the ABC analysis for both the customers and model numbers ...

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Qatari law Essay Example for Free

Qatari law Essay Qatar is located in a peninsula jutting out 100 miles into the Persian Gulf from Saudi Arabia. The country is mainly barren and is situated with Saudi Arabia on its west and United Arab Emirates on its southern border. Qatar occupies a total land area of 11,437 square kilometers. (Infoplease, 2007) Climate experienced in this region is generally hot and dry due to the desert landscape. The air is usually humid but is sultry during the summer time. Naturally occurring disasters experienced in the area are haze, dust storms and sandstorms. Qatar has only 1% of its land area that is classified as arable while 5% of the land is used for raising pastures. Qatar has an estimated population of 1,000,000 (in 2007), and approximately 200,000 are citizens. Nearly all Qatari profess Islam approximately 95% of the population. Majority of the population migrated due to the availability of employment for the oil industry in Qatar. Arabic serves as the official language while English and other languages are also spoken in Qatar. Many Qataris trace back their roots to natives of the Arabian Peninsula. Migratory tribes have settled in Qatar during the 8th century. There were also migration from gulf Emirates and as well as Persian merchants. Today, most of Qatar’s inhabitants cluster in Doha, the capital city. Foreigners with temporary status comprise 52% of the total population and make up approximately 89% of the total workforce. In 2004, the country had a total population of approximately 1,000,000 (in 2007), of whom approximately 200,000 were believed to be citizens. Of the citizen population, Shia Muslims account for approximately 3 percent and Sunni Muslims comprise the remaining 97 percent. The majority of the estimated 800,000 non-citizens are individuals from South and South East Asian and Arab countries working on temporary employment contracts in most cases without their accompanying family members. They are of the following faiths: Sunni Muslims, Christians, Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, and Bahais. Most foreign workers and their families live near the major employment centers of Doha, Al Khor, Messaeed, and Dukhan. The Christian community is a diverse mix of Indians, Filipinos, Europeans, Arabs, and Americans. It includes Catholic, Orthodox, Coptic, Anglican, and other Protestant denominations. The Hindu community is almost exclusively Indian, while Buddhists include south and East Asians. Most Bahais in Qatar may come from nearby Iran. Religion is not indicated on national identity cards and passports, nor is it a criterion for citizenship in Qatar according to the Nationality Law. However, Qatari citizens are either Sunni or Shia Muslims with the exception of a Bahai and Syrian Christian and their respective families who were granted citizenship. Shia, both citizens and foreigners, may attend a small number of Shia mosques. There is some limitation of the religious liberty of Christians. No foreign missionary groups operate openly in the country. Culture Qatar explicitly uses Sunni law as the basis of its government, and the vast majority of its citizens follow Hanbali Madhhab. Hanbali (is one of the four schools (Madhhabs) of Fiqh or religious law within Sunni Islam (The other three are Hanafi, Maliki and Shafii). Sunni Muslims believe that all four schools have correct guidance, and the differences between them lie not in the fundamentals of faith, but in finer judgments and jurisprudence, which are a result of the independent reasoning of the imams and the scholars who followed them. Because their individual methodologies of interpretation and extraction from the primary sources were different, they came to different judgments on particular matters. Qatari law When contrasted with other Arab states such as Saudi Arabia, for instance, Qatar has comparatively liberal laws, but is still not as liberal as some of its neighbors like UAE or Bahrain. Women can legally drive in Qatar, whereas they may not in Saudi Arabia. The country has undergone a period of liberalization and modernization after the current Emir of Qatar, Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani, came to power after becoming Emir in place of his father. Under his rule, Qatar became the first Arab country in the Persian Gulf where women gained the right to vote. Also, women can dress mostly as they please in public (although in practice local Qatari women generally don the black abaya). Before the liberalization, it was taboo for men to wear shorts in public. The laws of Qatar tolerate alcohol to a certain extent. However, public bars and nightclubs in Qatar operate only in expensive hotels and clubs, much like in the UAE and Bahrain, though the number of establishments has yet to equal that of UAE. Qatar has further been liberalized due to the 15th Asian Games, but is cautious of becoming too liberal in their law making the country viable weekend immigration from their western neighbor. Overall Qatar has yet to reach the more western laws of UAE or Bahrain, and though plans are being made for more development, the government is cautious Economy Before the discovery of oil the economy of the Qatari region focused on fishing and pearling. After the introduction of the Japanese cultured pearl into the world market in the 1920s and 1930s. Qatar’s pearling industry faltered. However, the discovery of oil reserves, beginning in the 1940s, completely transformed the state’s economy. Now the country has a high standard of living, with many social services offered to its citizens and all the amenities of any modern state Qatar’s national income primarily derives from oil and natural gas exports. The country has oil estimated at 15 billion barrels (2.4 km3), while gas reserves in the giant north field (South Pars for Iran) which straddles the border with Iran and are almost as large as the peninsula itself are estimated to be between 800 – 900tcf (Trillion Cubic Feet – 1tcf is equal to around 80 million barrels of oil equivalent) (Anonymous, 2005). Qatar’s primary source of income relies on its oil reserves, which constitutes more than 30% of its Gross Domestic Product. An estimated reserve of 3. 7 billion barrels is predicted to last up to 23 years with sustained level of output (Qatar: Background, 2007). Qatar also has one of the world’s largest reserves for Natural Gas, estimated to be more than 5% of the world’s total reserve or amounting to 7trillion cubic meters. These two natural resources constitutes the backbone of Qatar’s economy (Qatar, 2002). Oil industry in Qatar On 1935, a 75-year oil concession was granted to Qatar Petroleum Company, which was owned by Anglo-Dutch, French and USA. At Dukhan, located at the western side of Qatar, high quality oil was discovered. Oil exploitation was delayed due to the onset of World War II and Qatar was only able to export oil during 1949. Due to the increase in revenue from oil export during the 1950s and 1960s, Qatar entered the start of its modern history. This was the start of Qatar’s prosperity, rapid immigration was experienced due to employment brought about by the oil industry and substantial social changes was experienced. When UK announced in 1968 the policy of ending the treaty relationship with the Gulf Shiekdoms, failed talks with the other sheikdoms in a plan to form the United Arab Emirates resulted to Qatar declaring independence on September 3, 1971. Oil still forms the cornerstone of Qatar’s economy well into the 1990’s. Today Oil still accounts for about 62% of total government revenue. In 1973, income generated from oil production and exportation gradually increased the country’s revenue. This has helped Qatar move from previously ranked as one of the world’s poorest countries into one of the highest per capita income in the world. In 2006, the country has a per capita income of $62,000, which is ranked as fifth in the world (Beureau_of_Eastern_Affairs, 2007). During the 1990’s, OPEC or Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries had lower oil production quotas resulting to fall in oil prices. The result was an unpromising outlook in the international markets and reduced earnings in oil products led to recession in Qatar. Many small businesses were affected and expatriate staffs were affected by massive lay off. However the country was able to regain economically by the late 1990’s and expatriate population have grown again. Qatar’s oil production is currently estimated around 835,000 barrels a day. It is expected to reach 1. 1 million barrels per day by the year 2009. With the current rate of producing oil, reserves in Qatar are expected to last up to more than 40 years. However Qatar has other resources that are also exploited for production. It’s proven reserves of natural gas are the third largest in the world. The gas reserves of North Fields in Qatar exceed more than 900 trillion cubic feet or 14% of the worlds total gas reserves. Qatar is the largest producer of Liquefied Natural Gas with more than 31 million metric tons per annum. By 2010, Qatar is expected to produce 77. 5 million metric tons per annum and will account for one third of the world’s LNG supply (Beureau_of_Eastern_Affairs, 2007). Qatar’s oil fields are estimated to be depleted by 2023. But with the discovery of natural gas in the Northern fields, Qatar economy received a great boost from gas reserves income generated from exportation of Liquefied Petroleum Gas. Currently Qatar exports gas to Korea, India and China via shipping lines while gas is delivered via pipelines to Kuwait, UAE and Bahrain. Exploration: Early exploration took place in May 1935 as part of an agreement between the English-Persian Corporation and the Sheikh of Qatar at that time Abdullah Bin Jassem Al-Thani to explore oil for a term of 75 years. The agreement was executed by a corporation, which is later known as Qatar Oil Associated Corporation. Exploration, however, was adjourned due to border problems with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Bahrain, but eventually started in 1938 extensively (Country profile: Qatar, 2008). In 1949, Qatar started to export oil through Mesaieed port on the East Coast. The first exported quantity was 80,000 tons on board President Liner on 31/12/1949 for a price of 5. 9 million Indian rupees received in 1951. Qatar developed its production speedily; and in 1951, it reached 46,500 barrels a day compared to only 34,000 a day before that time (Energy and Resources—Sources and Definitions, 2003). The State of Qatar became number 11 among oil exporting countries in 1952, with a production of 67,700 barrels a day, i. e. , 0. 5% of world production. Consequently, oil revenue increased to 4. 2 million US dollars in 1951, and 12 US million dollars in 1952.